Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar)

The World Conservation Union ranks the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, on its list of 100 of the Worlds Most Invasive Alien Species. If you live in the northeastern U.S., you will heartily agree with that characterization of this tussock moth. Accidentally introduced to the U.S. in the late 1860s, the gypsy moth now consumes a million acres of forest each year, on average. A little knowledge about this insect goes a long way toward containing its spread. Description Gypsy moth adults, with somewhat drab coloring, may escape notice unless they are present in large numbers. Males are capable of flight and fly from tree to tree looking for mates among the flightless females. Sex pheromones guide the males, who use large, plumous antennae to sense the chemical scent of females. Males are light brown with wavy markings on their wings; females are white with similar wavy markings. Egg masses appear buff-colored and are laid on the bark of trees or other surfaces where the adults have pupated. Since the female cannot fly, she lays her eggs close to the spot where she emerged from her pupal case. The female covers the egg mass with hairs from her body to insulate it from the winter cold. Egg masses laid on firewood or vehicles add to the difficulty of containing the invasive gypsy moth. Caterpillars emerge from their egg cases in spring, just as tree leaves are opening. The gypsy moth caterpillar, like other tussock moths, is covered in long hairs giving it a fuzzy appearance. Its body is gray, but the key to identifying a caterpillar as a gypsy moth lies in the dots along its back. A late-stage caterpillar develops pairs of blue and red dots - usually 5 pairs of blue dots in the front, followed by 6 pairs of red dots. Newly emerged larvae crawl to the ends of branches and hang from silk threads, letting the wind carry them to other trees. Most travel up to 150 feet on the breeze, but some can go as far as a mile, making control of gypsy moth populations a challenge. Early-stage caterpillars feed near the tops of trees during the night. When the sun comes up, the caterpillars will descend and find shelter under leaves and branches. Later stage caterpillars will feed on lower branches, and maybe observed crawling to new trees as defoliation spreads. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaClass: InsectaOrder: LepidopteraFamily: LymantriidaeGenus: LymantriaSpecies: dispar Diet Gypsy moth caterpillars feed on a huge number of host tree species, making them a serious threat to our forests. Their preferred foods are the leaves of oaks and aspens. Adult gypsy moths do not feed. Life Cycle The gypsy moth undergoes complete metamorphosis in four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Egg: Eggs are laid in masses in late summer and early fall. Gypsy moths overwinter in the egg cases.Larva: Larvae develop within their egg cases in the fall, but remain inside in a state of diapause until spring when food is available. The larvae go through 5 to 6 instars and feed for 6 to 8 weeks.Pupa: Pupation typically occurs within the crevices of bark, but pupal cases may also be found on cars, houses, and other manmade structures.Adult: Adults emerge in two weeks. After mating and laying eggs, the adults die. Special Adaptations and Defenses Hairy tussock moth caterpillars, including the gypsy moth, can irritate the skin when handled. The caterpillars can spin a silk thread, which helps them disperse from tree to tree on the wind. Habitat Hardwood forests in temperate climates. Range The gypsy moth has been spotted in nearly every state in the U.S., though populations are heaviest in the northeast and Great Lakes region. The native range of Lymantri dispar is Europe, Asia, and North Africa. Other Common Names European Gypsy Moth, Asian Gypsy Moth Sources Gypsy Moth in North America, US Department of AgricultureGarden Insects of North America, by Whitney Cranshaw

The Theory Of Teamwork And Leadership - 1527 Words

Michael Jordan once stated â€Å"Talent wins games, but teamwork and intelligence wins championships† (Brainy Quote, n.d., Retrieved January 28, 2017). Jordan (2017) may have been referring to his experience in basketball or on the court, but the same theories of teamwork can be related to businesses, organizations, and the ancillary small groups that help achieve common envisioned goals. Most teams experience fear, expectations, and conflicts, yet with the assistance of leadership these issues can be addressed, and overcome. As illustrated by Lencioni (2002) even some of the best teams struggle and it is through the Five Dysfunctions Model, that most teams can be improved (p. 185). In looking back on prior learning team environments, it is†¦show more content†¦Our inability to discuss or effectively argue left us continuing to work in our teams, yet did not allow for us as individuals or as a group to flourish and further develop. The next dysfunction Lencioni (2002) identifies is a lack of commitment. After analyzing my previous experience in learning teams it is clear how a lack of commitment emerged from a sense of mistrust, a fear of conflict, and a team embolden with ego. No one really fully committed to any idea or vision as there was no one fully on board with the team as a whole. In the end if the team was given negative feedback, or a lower than anticipated grade; we lacked the ability to take accountability for our weaknesses or mistakes (Lencioni, 2002). Although, we were able to successfully achieve acceptable grades and learn new information; we were not successful to fully adopt the concepts of a learning team and benefit from the concepts of having each other. Steps that can be taken to develop a successful team, if applicable; is communication. As Lencioni (2002) purposes it is through open dialogue and communication that a person feels heard and supported and thus trust develops. Past experiences have shown that fearing conflict has not helped to develop leadership skills, nor has it cultivated the type of team in which growth and success flourish. Other steps that can be taken is reviewing, discussing, and completing a learning team agreement. The learning team agreement is designed toShow MoreRelatedA Leadership Theory Based On Values And Teamwork1260 Words   |  6 Pagesenhanced when leadership is new. For leaders to lead a continuously changing organization they must establish a foundational leadership theory based on values and teamwork that fit within the organization and the leaders own skill set. Foundational Theories The leaders must understand how the world is changing in relation to the organization and how to relate their desires for success to possible changes (Allen and Strathern, 2003). 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Global Market Opportunities

Question: Write an essay onOpportunities Existing in Global Market. Answer: Introduction Global marketing is something that is not even known to the world even a few decades ago, but today global marketing is not only known but is very essential for the growth and the development of the organization. Today, if the organizations or the business fails to go global then, it could not sustain for a long time in this competitive market (Lee and Carter 2012). Thus, it is not only essential for the growth and the success of the business but also at the same time the particular thing is essential for the business to sustain in the global market. The companies, which are depended only on the domestic market, tend to lose their customers, not only in the global market but also in the domestic market. Global marketing is not only about products, pricing or about promotions. Critics and scholars believe that it is the willingness of the organization to adopt the global perspective and accordingly they develop their marketing strategy. Opportunities Existing in Global Market Global marketing is an approach that has helped many companies like McDonalds and Coca-Cola to gain success in the global market (Keegan 2016). Mostly universal products like automobiles and things line foods and beverages have the opportunities to gain success in the global market. The global marketing strategy provides the company with more than one opportunity, which helps the company to excel in the global market. The global marketing strategy provides the company with the opportunity of promoting their products across the boundaries (Alon and Eugene 2012). It is not only product of a company but at the same time, the subsidiaries of the organization get the opportunity to promote them across the boundaries. Along with the products, the ideas of the organization are also transferred across the boundaries. The population of the world is increasing and along with the increase in the population of the country, the demand of the population is increasing at the same time (Rao-Nicholso n and Khan 2016). Therefore, to meet the increase in demand of the population there has been a growth in the marketing opportunities at the same time. The organizations who are going global for them the marketing opportunities in the global market will allow them to grow, and these opportunities would create further opportunities for the organization, in the path of their success. New technologies as well as innovation, not only create new market but at the same time, new technologies and innovation create new opportunities in the market as well. Therefore, companies coming up with new technologies and innovation could actually, utilize these marketing opportunities, for their growth and success (Frynas and Mellahi 2015). The companies going global with new technologies could actually, gain strategic benefits from these new markets. The organizations that are going global get the opportunity to reshape their business. The reshaping of the business helps in addressing the challenges that are there in international marketing. Factors, the indicators like the socioeconomic, or the political indicator helps in detecting the purchasing power that is there in a market. For example, while going abroad or setting up their business abroad, McDonalds make sure to choose those countries that have a lifestyle similar to that United States; this means it chooses those countries where the female workers are more and people have less time to prepare their lunch. The organization going global could actually, use franchise to capture the opportunities that are there in the global market. Threats Existing in Global Market The forces such as the demographic, economic, cultural as well as the political forces are the major forces that could either pose a threat or it could create an opportunity for those companies that are going global. The cultural clash and the political atmosphere of the host country could actually be a threat for the organization going global. The global market is changing constantly and there are companies, who fail to recognize the changes that are taking place. Either the companies ignore or they resist the changes that are taking place in the global market (Hollensen 2014). If the company ignores the changes that are taking place in the international market then it could actually be a threat for the organization. Companies like IBM and General Motors have gone through such threats and bad times because they have ignored the changes that are taking place in the global market. Several policies and business regulation are being taken by the host countries. The policies and the busi ness regulation not only influence the overseas business but also at the same time, could act, either as an opportunity or as a threat for the organization or the company. The organization expanding their business overseas face competition both from the global and from the local market; thus it is a threat for the most of the companies, going global (Griffith and Hoppner 2013). The companies going global face challenges because in the workplace there are people of different culture and linguist background. In one host country, more than one culture could reside and this could actually create lots of problem for the organization working in the overseas countries. The company that is popular in the local market can be turned out as a brand about which people are unaware in the global market. In the host, country there may be other local companies, who are popular among the people and thus it can be a serious threat for the companies who are marketing their products in the global marke t. Communication on the other hand, could be a serious threat for the overseas expansion of the business by an organization. The communication barriers arises due to linguistic problem, and thus, communication depends more on the style and the facial expression of the speaker (Pawta and Chiu 2015). Language plays a less important role here, and the body language and the facial expression plays more important role. Communicating Aspects from Global Marketing Viewpoint International expansion is something that is not understandable from a very simple perspective. It is neither black nor is it very white in nature, there are many, things that are happening around the globe and thus it is influencing the working of the organizations, and affecting the working of the organization in the overseas countries. Few moves are easier for the organization, whereas, there are few other moves that are difficult for the organization. Different factors or things should be taken into consideration before the company decides to move its business from the domestic to the global market. The first thing that should be taken into consideration, include the political factors (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2013). The treaties and the policies that are being made by different organization such as NAFTA, ASEAN, EU, and organization such as these; which affect the workings and operations that are carried out in an organization in the global market. Thus, the political factor is t he most important factor that should be taken into consideration before considering any other thing. The next thing that forecast the opportunities and the threats for the organization going global include, the economical factors (De Mooij 2013). The economical factors include the interest and inflation rates; along with it, the tariffs are included in it as well. Most importantly, things like the unemployment rate, and the availability of the labor is taken into consideration. There are things like the local and the foreign economies, which should also be taken into consideration, before entering the global market. The socio-cultural factors are the most important factors that should be taken into consideration before expanding their business in the global market. The socio-cultural factors include the things like the local languages that are spoken in the host country and thus could create problem for expanding business in the international market (Carpenter, Moore, Alexander and Doherty 2013). Each country has certain dominant religion and at the same time, there is a cultural view of the people as well. Before expanding the business at the overseas market, the organization should be aware of these factors at the same time. It will not only help the company to expand in the global market but at the same time, it would help the organization, to identify both the opportunities and the threats associated with the country. Other things like, the attitude of the people towards things such as consumerism, environmentalism, is important at the same time (Laroche 2014). For instance the growth of the companies like Coca Cola, have increased in the international market, because of the increase in consumerism in the global market. Conclusion In the past few years the global market has changed a lot, it has not only opened it up in front of the foreign competitors but at the same time the privatization of the state-run organization have taken place as well. Therefore, today globalization and global marketing is not only helpful for the growth of the organization but at the same time, it helps the organization, to sustain in the competitive market. Both the large and the small size companies, could utilize the market opportunities, and expand their business. Before, expanding their business, although, the company has to make certain research to avoid the risks that are associated with global marketing. References Alon, I. and Eugene, J., 2012. Global marketing. Mcgraw Hill Higher Educat.Carpenter, J.M., Moore, M., Alexander, N. and Doherty, A.M., 2013. Consumer demographics, ethnocentrism, cultural values, and acculturation to the global consumer culture: A retail perspective. Journal of Marketing Management, 29(3-4), pp.271-291.Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013. International marketing. Cengage Learning.De Mooij, M., 2013. Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications.Frynas, J.G. and Mellahi, K., 2015. Global strategic management. Oxford University Press, USA.Griffith, D.A. and Hoppner, J.J., 2013. Global marketing managers: Improving global marketing strategy through soft skill development. International Marketing Review, 30(1), pp.21-41.Hollensen, S., 2014. Global marketing: a decision-oriented approach. Harlow. New York. Financial Times Prentice Hall.Keegan, W.J., 2016. Global Marketing, Global Edition. Pearson Education Limited.Laroche, M., 2014. New developments in global consumer behavior and marketing strategy: Introduction to the special issue. Journal of Business Research, 67(3), pp.225-227.Lee, K. and Carter, S., 2012. Global marketing management. Oxford University Press.Pawta, E. and Chiu, C.Y., 2015. Opportunities and Threats Analysis for European Born Global Companies on the Chinese Market. Krakowskie Studia Midzynarodowe, (3), pp.177-187.Rao-Nicholson, R. and Khan, Z., 2016. Standardization versus adaptation of global marketing strategies in emerging market cross-border acquisitions. International Marketing Review.